Yesterday’s talk was about the creation of the JVM, and what design considerations went into that process. The JVM is no longer just for Java, and that raises a number of issues that the original JVM implementation never had to think about. In particular, there are a number of JVM-based languages for which the JVM version isn’t the sole or even main version — such as Jython (Python) and JRuby (Ruby). In this talk, Mark Stoodley describes the work that IBM has done to improve JVM performance for alternative languages.